If you like these puzzles, you want to check out books by the late, great Raymond Smullyan:

https://www.amazon.com/Lady-Tiger-Other-Puzzles-Recreational...

While not perfect, the 2016 stock return relative to that of other technology companies is a good baseline for assessing who was a winner and who was a loser. 2016 equity performance is an excellent indicator of how NEW information impacted the long term prospects of these companies relative to consensus expectations.

"PIVOT!...PIVOT!" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_PklVas9cA

Errol Morris: "The Thin Blue Line". If you are pro-death penalty, then you need to watch this film.