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yeah it's a strange aspect of that lisp era, it was born in mccarthy's recursive functions over recursive lists.. and then interactive development over global state added as a layer.

i would argue that lispers use of mutability was much more surgical and principled but maybe i'm biased



McCarthy's pure Lisp existed only on paper. The first Lisp that ran on a computer had mutable variables, as did Lisp 1.5, Maclisp, etc...

Immutability requires lots of copying and early computers didn't have much memory to spare...


fair point but from memory most of early programs in his paper were purely immutable in nature (tree recursion and substition), right ?

Yes but he also wrote this when describing the language:

> In addition to the facilities for describing S-functions, there are facilities for using S-functions in programs written as sequences of statements along the lines of FORTRAN (4) or ALGOL (5). These features will not be described in this article


hmm funny i completely missed that, i thought these traits were introduced a bit later



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